We know that a common substance like water is found naturally as a solid, liquid otherwise gas, and these are called states of matter. In solids, the arrangement of molecules can be done very close to each other because the molecules in the atoms move into the orbitals of adjacent atoms. In liquids, the arrangement of molecules is very close to each other whereas, in gases, the arrangement of molecules can be spread apart, so not very close to each other. Therefore, once atoms come together, … [Read more...]
Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator
A Zener diode is a type of semiconductor diode. Generally, a normal diode with p and n junction will not function or blocks the flow of the charge carriers’ results in no flow of the current is seen during the reverse biasing of the device. Hence this condition is known as Breakdown. The main purpose of designing this device is to make the device to conduct in the reverse biasing condition. It can normally function just like a diode with p-n junction in forwarding biased condition. In this type … [Read more...]
Understanding About CMOS Fabrication Technology
In early 1960’s the semiconductor manufacturing process was initiated from Texas and in 1963 CMOS or complementary metal oxide semiconductor was patented by Frank Wanlass. Integrated circuits are manufactured by utilizing the semiconductor device fabrication process. These ICs are major components of every electrical and electronic devices which we use in our daily life. Many complex and simple electronic circuits are being designed on a wafer made of semiconductor compounds and mostly silicon … [Read more...]
Rectifier Diode : Circuit, Biasing and Its Applications
A basic semiconductor, in that there is the presence of two terminals in which one is preferred as a cathode and the other as an anode. It is formed by the two different materials referred to as p-type and n-type. Generally, it is termed as p-n junction diode. As it is application-oriented it is also referred to as rectifier diode. The main purpose of this p-n junction diode is that it is used for the conversion of the applied alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). This process of … [Read more...]
Difference Between Drift Current and Diffusion Current
In a semiconductor either it may be p-type or n-type there exists some of the majority and the minority charge carriers. As the p-type and n-type present on a single crystal at the center, there is the formation of the p-n junction. The basic device formed because of the above process is the p-n junction diode. We cover the basic differences between Drift Current and Diffusion Current below with a comparison table. In the p-n junction diode if it is doped non-uniformly then there exists a … [Read more...]
Diffusion Current Explained with Diagram & Derivation
Diffusion current is mainly generated in semiconductors.The doping done in the semiconductors is non-uniform. In order to achieve uniformity, the flow of charge carriers takes place from higher concentration area to lower concentration area. It is referred to as diffusion. This process generally doesn't occur in conductors. Fick's law well describes the diffusion of flux from that the thesis is derived for the diffusion of electrons as well as for holes. The necessity of the diffusion … [Read more...]
DC Load Line Analysis
Semiconductors formed with differently doped p-type and n-type material on a single crystal forms the basic electronic devices like diodes, transistors, etc. These have their own significance in the development of modern electronic systems. Basics of electronics are dependent on the characteristics of such components. The characteristics of voltage and current help to analyze the equipment better. This article discusses what is a dc load line and its significance. What is a DC Load Line? A … [Read more...]
P-N Junction Diode VI Characteristics
A p-n junction formed by the doping f p-type and n-type material on a single crystal. The basic device formed from this p-n junction is of two terminals. This is referred to as the p-n junction diode. It is a basic semiconductor device that allows the flow of current in a unified direction. Either germanium or silicon is used as the semiconductor for the purpose of the formation of the diode. Once the voltage is provided to the p-n junction it is termed as biasing of the diode. It can be … [Read more...]
P-N Junction Diode and Its Biasing
The fundamental unit that evolved because of the same crystal added with acceptor and donor impurities on it. This is highly beneficial because of its features paved the way for the development of modern electronics. This device consists of two terminals but the flow of current will be in a unified direction. The characteristic of this device is tested between the applied voltage and the way current generated in the circuit reacts to it. It can't be linear but one can determine the relationship … [Read more...]
Difference between P-type and N-type Semiconductors
Both p and n are the basic semiconductors arrived from the concept of doping. Hence the basic difference between p and n-type is the way or the nature of the doping involved. Semiconductors can be differentiated as intrinsic and extrinsic as per the matter of purity concerned. P-type and N-type semiconductors come under extrinsic semiconductors. Although they are categorized under the same category of extrinsic there behaviors are extremely different based on its dopants. However, they have … [Read more...]