The Buck-boost converter is a DC/DC converter that steps up (or) down voltage by producing a voltage equivalent to or lower or higher than the input voltage. This converter merges the buck converter and a boost converter functions. This converter has an output voltage magnitude that is either below or above the input voltage’s magnitude. So it is equal to a Fly-back converter with a single inductor instead of a transformer. A buck-boost converter which provides a 12 V output using a 12 V b … [Read more...]
B25 Voltage Sensor : PinOut, Features, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
A voltage sensor is a module or device used to monitor and estimate the voltage for the device (or) system. This sensor’s input is the voltage whereas the output is a current, an audible signal, or an analog voltage signal. So these sensors can measure the voltage in different methods from measuring higher voltages to noticing low current levels in power systems and industrial controls. These sensors are available in a VSR (voltage-sensitive resistor) and op-amp (operational amplifier). Thus, t … [Read more...]
LM389 IC : PinOut, Features, Specifications, Circuit, Working & Its Applications
The LM (linear monolithic) series ICs originated with National Semiconductor which were the first analog ICs. So, some of them are used still, groundbreaking innovations, and commercially produced. The prefix LM refers to analog components incorporated into a single silicon piece. These are very popular ICs but many of them were second-sourced by different manufacturers with the sequence number for identifying compatible parts. Thus, there are different LM series of ICs that involve op-amps, … [Read more...]
TIP35 Transistor : PinOut, Features, Specifications, Circuit, Working & Its Applications
TIP (Texas Instruments Power) transistor is a series of BJTs manufactured by TI (Texas Instruments). This series was launched in the 1960s, and these transistors are still used because of their durability, ease of use, and simplicity. So, TIP transistors are standard-type bipolar junction transistors that are used mainly for medium power-based applications. These are designated with A, B, and C to designate increasing CB and CE breakdown voltage ratings. Thus, the examples of TIP series … [Read more...]
XL6009 IC : PinOut, Features,Specifications, Circuit, Working & Its Applications
The buck-boost regulator is made with two different topologies buck & boost. So buck regulator topology gives an output voltage with a lower magnitude than the input voltage. A boost regulator topology gives an output voltage with a higher magnitude than the input voltage. So a buck-boost regulator is a type of DC-DC converter that can generate an output voltage that is either lower or higher than the input voltage. Thus it makes a versatile power conversion topology used for different … [Read more...]
LM7808 IC : PinOut, Features, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
LM78xx series ICs are available in the market from various manufacturers like LM7806, LM7805, LM7809, LM7812, LM7810, LM7824 and LM7815. This series of voltage regulators is available with three terminals in the TO-220 package. So, each voltage regulator has thermal shutdown, internal current limiting & safety operating area protection features which makes them durable. These ICs are mainly designed as fixed voltage regulators which can be utilized with exterior components to get adjustable … [Read more...]
MC34063 IC : PinOut, Features, Equivalents, Structure, Circuit, Working & Its Applications
A DC-DC converter is an electronic circuit used in modern power management systems. So this circuit converts the level of the DC voltage source to another by ensuring efficient and stable power delivery to various electronic systems wherever input voltage levels can change because of factors like battery discharging eventually (or) changes within load conditions. The main benefit of these converters is their better power conversion efficiency. So they offer the flexibility to step down or up … [Read more...]
LM2577 IC : PinOut, Features, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & It Applications
The term 'monolithic' in monolithic IC comes from the Greek words like monos & lithos where monos means single and lithos means stone. So the term monolithic involves that the circuit is manufactured in a single crystal. Sometimes, this kind of IC is explained as a planar IC, because it is available in a flat surface form. A monolithic IC is a single silicon piece that includes a whole electronic circuit (or) various circuits. These ICs are the most significant components within modern … [Read more...]
LM2595 IC : PinOut, Features, Specifications, Circuit,Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
A step-down switching voltage regulator is a DC-to-DC converter, manufactured by STMicroelectronics, Analog Devices, and Pololu. So, these ICs generate a low output voltage compared to their input voltage so used in applications like automotive systems & portable devices wherever low voltage levels are required. These are very efficient frequently over 90%, simple to use, and have inbuilt protection from overvoltage, over-temperature & over-current. The switching frequency of this IC can … [Read more...]
TL431 IC : PinOut, Features, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
In most electronic circuits, the Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator to give a precision voltage reference. Thus, TL431 IC almost performs like a Zener diode apart from the voltage rating of this chip is programmable. This IC was introduced by Texas Instruments in 1977 but the original IC remains in production with a huge number of clones & derivatives in the 21st century like; TLV431, ATL431, TL432, KA431, TS431, LM431, 142ЕН19, etc. These ICs have the same functionality but d … [Read more...]