A transistor is a fundamental semiconductor device used for switching and amplification in almost every electronic circuit. Among the various power transistors available today, the MJE3055 NPN power transistor is one of the most popular choices for medium to high-power applications such as motor control, audio amplifiers, and relay drivers. The MJE3055 transistor, housed in a TO-220 package, is a silicon NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) designed for general-purpose amplifier and … [Read more...]
MJE2955T Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
A power transistor is a three-terminal device like an emitter, base & collector and is composed of semiconductor materials. These transistors are mainly designed for controlling high current to voltage ratings of electrical devices. So, MJ & MJE series high-power transistors are used mostly for audio amplifier-based applications. There are most popular MJ and MJE series power transistors available in the market like; MJ802, MJL21193, MJL21194, MJ1000, MJ1000, MJ15016, and MJE172, MJE182, … [Read more...]
LoRa Protocol : Features, Architecture, Working,Differences, Modulation & Its Applications
In general, the Internet of Things has various technological solutions to transmit data above a network like WiFi, LoRa, NB-IoT, Zigbee, sub-1GHz & Bluetooth. However, long transmission distances and energy conservation can be guaranteed simultaneously within wireless communication network systems, because more energy is always needed for long transmission distances. So, this technology ensures both low-power and long-range conditions wherever transmitting a relatively small amount of data … [Read more...]
Narrowband IoT : Architecture, Working, Specifications, Differences, Advantages & Its Applications
Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the way smart devices connect, communicate, and share data. However, as the number of IoT devices continues to grow into the billions, traditional mobile networks face challenges in handling massive connectivity with low power and wide coverage needs. This is where Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) comes into play. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a standards-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology developed by 3GPP to support large-scale IoT deployments. … [Read more...]
BC817 Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
An NPN transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor that amplifies weak signals to strong ones. In this transistor, the majority of charge carriers are electrons that move from the emitter region to the collector and it results in the formation of current. So this NPN transistor is sandwiched between two N-type material layers. Based on the construction, these are separated into two categories PNP and NPN. Transistors are made with silicon (or) germanium based on the application it is selected. … [Read more...]
BC148 Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
The BC148 is a small signal transistor from the NPN family and is a good choice mainly for audiophiles. This transistor is well known because of its outstanding musical characteristics and technical specifications it is perfect for high-fidelity audio. This transistor provides high current gain, it has less noise, which gives excellent sound quality and its compact size will make it easy to incorporate into different electronic applications. This article discusses an overview of the BC148 … [Read more...]
Transistor – The Ultimate Guide to Basics , Types, Working, Circuits and Applications
The transistor is the most important invention in modern electronics. From amplifying signals in radios to powering microprocessors in computers, transistors form the foundation of every electronic device. In this complete guide, you’ll learn transistor basics, which include the following concepts : What a Transistor is and How it Works? Different types of transistors (NPN, PNP, etc.) Key parameters and specifications How to use transistors in amplifier, switching, and oscillator … [Read more...]
Inside the Design Philosophy Behind Vikram-32 : How India Engineered Its Own Space Processor Title
India’s journey into indigenous space-grade microprocessors reached a milestone with the development of the Vikram-32 processor (Vikram 3201). Designed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC) in collaboration with the Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL), Chandigarh, Vikram-32 marks a major step towards self-reliance in space technology. Unlike commercial CPUs, space processors must withstand harsh environmental conditions, including extreme temperatures, radiation, and mechanical stress during l … [Read more...]
LM2574 IC Step-Down Voltage Regulator : PinOut, Features, Specifications, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
Step-down voltage regulators are electronic devices that change a lower voltage to a constant output voltage. These regulators are also called DC-DC step-down switching regulators or buck converters which decrease an input voltage to low and regulated voltage very efficiently compared to linear voltage regulators. These regulators utilize a switch to separate a DC voltage and then use an inductor and capacitor to smooth the outcomes. So these are used to handle electrical fluctuations in … [Read more...]
Vikram 3201 vs RAD750, RAD5545, and ESA Processors – An Engaging & Educational Comparison
Space missions—satellites, launch vehicles, interplanetary probes—require processors that are not just fast, but extremely reliable. Radiation, extreme temperature swings, long mission durations, and high cost of failure mean the architecture, fabrication process, and qualification are very different from consumer electronics. India’s recent unveiling of Vikram 3201 (also called Vikram-32) is a major move toward indigenous space-grade processing. To understand its place globally, it helps Vikram … [Read more...]
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